There seems to be no shortage of bad news about bullying in Canada these days. Suicides linked to bullying are regularly reported in the news. And we know that most students witness bullying at school, and many are directly involved in bullying sometime during a given school year. 20% of students—one in every five kids in nearly every school—is involved in bullying (as bully, victim, or both) on a weekly basis. This means that many kids' lives are being disrupted and scarred by bullying.
Bullying harms kids in nearly every way imaginable. Minimally, it disrupts their learning, as kids who are victimized tend to avoid school to avoid the bullying. The stress of bullying causes them to suffer anxiety and depression, and it undermines their feelings of safety and connection to school. We now know that children who witness bullying are also at risk for serious negative effects, including school disengagement, school avoidance, and, consequently, lower academic achievement.
Bullying is defined as "a relationship problem that requires relationship solutions" (www.prevnet.ca). This new way of thinking about bullying highlights the complex and powerful relationship dynamics that underpin bullying. And it provides a compelling rationale for the important role that adults—educators, parents, and community leaders—have in intervening in bullying situations and helping all children to learn better ways of relating to each other.
A relational understanding of bullying also connects directly to the growing appreciation of the links between school climate and bullying. School climate is a complex concept, but can generally be separated into four broad dimensions (Cohen, McCabe, Michelli, & Pickeral, 2009):
- Physical, social, and emotional safety
- Quality of teaching and learning
- Relationships across the school community
- Well maintained school with adequate space and resources