The ABCs of Clinical Depression

Recent statistics suggest that about 11 per cent of Canadian men and 16 per cent of Canadian women will experience some form of clinical depression during their lifetime. Looking specifically at the Canadian workforce, it is estimated that as much as 20 per cent of workers will experience depression in any given year.

Clinical depression has become a widespread medical condition in North America and around the world. Women, people with a family history of depression and those suffering from chronic illnesses are most at risk of developing this disorder.

Simply defined, depression is an illness that is characterised by a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in activities. Depression has a variety of bio-psycho-social determinants that lead to physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural problems.

Most commonly called major or clinical depression, it affects how people feel, think and behave. Depression can cause different emotional and physical problems that impair significantly an individual's ability to function daily. Some may experience extreme fatigue, concentration and memory problems, and have trouble doing even the simplest day-to-day activities. As depression persists and the experienced sadness remains and even increases; those affected may start to lose interest in living all together, with some even contemplating suicide. Other typical symptoms of depression include memory and concentration problems, extreme fatigue, insomnia, significant weight gain or loss, different unexplained aches, and feelings of despair and worthlessness.

In many individuals, major depression is often a long-standing chronic condition that requires long-term treatment, just like diabetes. So, in most cases, individuals suffering from clinical depression are unable to simply "snap out" of it without seeking professional help.

Even nowadays, with increased public knowledge of mental health disorders such as depression, many individuals are often unaware that they are clinically depressed. They generally discover it by consulting their family doctor, often because they are suffering from physical symptoms such as lack of energy, insomnia or different unexplained physical aches and pains. Others may suspect that they are depressed but often underestimate their condition and may see it as not requiring treatment or as just an "untreatable" part of their personality. Many do not really understand their condition nor the effort or actions needed to treat its symptoms and causes. And many more remain unaware of how common depression really is. They often worry what others will think of them and consequently chose to suffer silently rather than seek help. In fact, some surveys suggest that less than 25 per cent of those suffering from depression will seek professional help.

Different depression treatment options are available and have proven to be effective. Medications and psychotherapy are considered the most effective for the majority.

Retirement: Achieving Financial, Physical and Psychological Well-being

A recent Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) White Paper entitled "Achieving Well-being in Retirement: Recommendations from 20 Years' Research" by Mo Wang (University of Florida) and Beryl Hesketh (University of Western Sydney/Macquarie University) recommends the following for those contemplating retirement:

"...maintaining good health, actively engaging in financial planning for retirement, having realistic estimates of longevity, being clear on one's financial goals in retirement, and participating in paid employment after retirement are all realistic ways of achieving fiscal well being."

The authors also conclude that it is important for individuals to take the initiative to improve both their knowledge and understanding of financial matters, and of work-related skills and knowledge.

In terms of achieving physical well-being in retirement, the authors note that "having good health behaviours and habits in retirement is critical for their physical well-being." They recommend that individuals engage in certain daily levels of physical and/or cognitive activities. The latter could include leisure activities such as dancing, playing board games, reading, doing crossword puzzles and playing an instrument. All stimulate learning in the brain and may reduce the risk of dementia.

Managing Stress and Balancing Work Demands

It has been reported that disability claims related to mental illness (including claims for acute stress reaction, depression, adjustment disorders, anxiety and PTSD) in the federal public service continued to increase last year and accounted for 48 per cent of all claims filed.

Stress: Among an Employee's Worst Nightmares

Has your job ever drained you to the point of emotional and physical exhaustion? Does this feeling of weariness go on for days, weeks, or even months? If so, you could be stressing yourself beyond the breaking point.

Longer-term or chronic stress — indeed, any significant amount of work stress — can have debilitating physical and emotional outcomes, and can wreak havoc upon an unsuspecting employee. It has been shown that stress occurs not only among those who are highly motivated and committed but also among those who are not. We also know that employees, both in the private and public sectors, may experience stress in varying degrees.

Job demands can create or trigger mental health problems, including stress and anxiety. As such, it is important for employees to learn how to recognize and to guard against factors that cause these problems, or to make adjustments to working conditions and practices that may be causing them.

Is your work stressing you out? Should you tell your manager?

Is it in the interest of the manager, to whom you report, to help you, as an employee, deal with stress in the workplace? The answer is a definite "yes".

Chances are, if managers are paying attention, they already know there's something wrong. They can sense the difference in your behavior in meetings, and see it in the quality or precision of the work you're producing. A manager may ask what's wrong or try to find out informally, but some may not know what to say even when they recognize that you may need help. In that case, it may be up to you.