Questions/answers dealing with attention deficit disorder, with or without hyperactivity (ADHD)

What are the symptoms of attention deficit disorder, with or without hyperactivity (ADHD)?

• The child must display at least 6 attention deficit symptoms or 6 hyperactivity symptoms
• The symptoms must persist for at least 6 months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with the child's developmental level
• The symptoms must not be identifiable as due to another mental illness
• The presence of the symptoms must significantly alter a variety of aspects of one's life (social, professional, school, etc.)
• Finally, certain symptoms must be present before the age of 7.

A list of attention deficit symptoms follows:

• Unable to pay attention to details, or makes careless mistakes on his/her school homework, work or other activities;
• Often finds it difficult to maintain focus on the task at hand or during games;
• Seems like he/she is not listening, when spoken to directly;
• Does not conform to the rules and cannot complete his/her homework, house work or professional obligations (this is not due to difficult behavior, nor due to their incapacity to understand the rules);
• Has a difficult time organizing his/her work or activities;
• Avoids, is adverse to, or completes tasks against his/her wishes – ones that require sustained mental effort (like school work or homework);
• Often loses his/her necessary tools to complete his/her work and/or activities (toys, workbooks, pencils, book or tools);
• Is easily distracted by outside stimuli;
• Is forgetful in his everyday life.

A list of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms follows:

• Fidgets with his/her hands or feet, or squirms in his/her seat;
• Often gets up during class or in other situations that require him/her to be seated;
• Runs or climbs everywhere, in situations where it is deemed inappropriate (for teens or adults, the symptom could be limited to feelings of subjective or inner restlessness);
• Experiences difficulty remaining calm during play time;
• Acts like he/she is "driven by a motor" or as though he/she is "mounted on springs"
• Speaks too often.

Parental Discipline

Learning how to discipline our children is one of the most important roles of parents, but also one of the most difficult. Healthy discipline for our children makes for a comfortable family environment. Human beings need to be supported in order to feel reassured. It lays the foundation for self-control in our lives. It helps your child to grow up happy and feel good in his/her skin. Positive and effective discipline teaches and guides the child. It doesn't just mean forcing a child to obey.

The way in which discipline is taught to children depends on their age, stage of development, personality and numerous other factors, but there are basic principles to help guide parents.

The Canadian Paediatric Society strongly discourages the use of physical punishment, including spanking.

What are the objectives of discipline?

• Discipline protects your child from danger.
• Discipline helps your child gain control and self-control.
• Discipline helps your child develop a sense of responsibility.
• Discipline helps to establish values.

What makes discipline effective?

• Respect: Children should be able to respect the authority of their parents and the rights of others. If the discipline is tough and accompanied by insults, shouting and humiliation, a child will have difficulty respecting his/her mother or father, or trusting them.
• Consistency: Discipline that is not consistent is confusing to children, whatever their age. If parents do not show consistency in how they apply discipline, the child will have difficulty in complying. Inconsistency, such as giving in to tantrums, can, in effect, reward the child for undesirable behaviour and encourage repetition.
• Impartiality: The child must find the discipline to be fair. The consequences of their actions must be related to their behaviour. If your child throws food on the floor, help him/her clean up the mess. Make sure everything is cleaned before he/she can do other things. Once the mess is picked up, the matter is resolved.
• You: As a parent, you have a unique bond with your child. If you teach your child discipline that is respectful, consistent and impartial, you will have positive and lasting effects on your child.

« Grand parleur, petit faiseur » ? Qu'en est il de la psychothérapie ?

Il n'est pas rare d'entendre les gens dire « parler sans agir ne vaut rien ».

Chez les PCY2, nous croyons – au contraire – que le dialogue est riche et bénéfique.

En consultant nos psychologues et professionnels en santé mentale, vous aller bénéficier :

...de conversations bilatérales stimulantes avec des professionnels formés.

Notre approche conversationnelle, mais ciblée, en psychothérapie vise à aider nos clients à mieux se comprendre eux-mêmes, à déterminer des méthodes efficaces visant à mieux faire face aux défis dans leur vie / travail et à éliminer / réduire les émotions / comportements négatifs. Nos psychologues et psychothérapeutes se servent surtout de principes thérapeutiques cognitivo-comportementaux à court terme et s'efforcent d'obtenir les meilleurs résultats dans le plus court laps de temps possible (c.-à.-d.souvent entre 5 à 10 sessions).

Nous savons que les conversations bilatérales peuvent être difficiles mais elles s'avèrent souvent fructueuses dans nos vies. Nous croyons également que la compréhension de la dynamique d'un client nous permet de donner des conseils judicieux, profitables et informés.

Nous sommes des experts lorsqu'il est question de comprendre et d'apprendre de ce que les gens disent. Nous communiquons de façon franche, ouverte et directe. Et nous bâtissons un climat de confiance en faisant preuve d'intégrité et de crédibilité dans nos gestes et dans nos tâches.

...d'un intérêt et une attention immédiate à vos problèmes par la bonne équipe de psychologues.

Nos psychologues cliniques qualifiés et compatissants sont à votre service et se concentrent sur des résultats ciblés. Nous traitons les problèmes au moyen d'une approche à la fois efficace et efficiente.

Chez les PCY2, nous sommes ici pour répondre aux besoins du client – peu importe le problème – personnel et organisationnel. Notre approche axée sur le client nous permet de bâtir et de maintenir la satisfaction du client grâce aux conseils, aux produits et aux services que nous offrons et dont nos clients ont besoin.

"TALK IS CHEAP"? Does the same go for psychotherapy?

It's not uncommon to hear people say that "talk is cheap".

At Y2CP, we believe — on the contrary — that "dialogue is RICH".

By consulting our team of psychologists and mental health professionals, you will benefit from:

R — rewarding, two-way conversations with trained professionals.

Our conversational, yet targeted, approach to psychotherapy is focussed on helping our clients better understand themselves, identify effective methods to best tackle their life/work challenges, and eliminate/diminish negative emotions/behaviours. Our psychologists and psychotherapists rely mostly on short-term cognitive-behavioural therapeutic principles and strive to get the best results in the shortest time possible (i.e. often between 5 and 10 sessions).

We know that two-way conversations can be tough but they are often rewarding in our lives. And we believe comprehension of a client's dynamics enables us to give sound, beneficial and learned advice.

We are experts in understanding and learning from what others say. We communicate openly, honestly and directly. And we develop trust by displaying both integrity and credibility in our actions and assignments.

I — interest in your issues and immediate attention to them by the right team of psychologists.

Our qualified and caring clinical psychologists are at your service, and are focused on targeted results. Our approach to issues is both effective and efficient.

At Y2CP, we are here to respond to client's needs — no matter the issue — personal and organizational. Through our client-centred approach we build and maintain client satisfaction with the advice, products and services we offer and that our clients need.

Wondering if you are ready to retire? Eight questions to ask yourself...

The way we imagine and go through retirement will be different for each one of us, depending on our experiences, our interests, and our lifestyle. This period could be an opportunity to reflect upon and to make a new start in our lives. Dr. Yaniv Benzimra outlines eight questions we should ask ourselves to know if we are ready — psychologically — to undertake this important transition.

1. Am I considering full or partial retirement?

   We are not required to go from an active professional life to full retirement; we can also choose to retire in stages. For example, over a period of five years we could go from five to three days, then to one day of work per week. This would allow us to spend some time away from work, to discover other activities, and to have some time to adapt to this new situation. We could also take time off from work for six months or a year to see how we would feel when we are not working. In certain cases, after retirement, we could work part time, for example as a consultant.

2. How do I feel about my work?

   We should ask certain questions based on our past work year, for example: Do I like my work? Am I looking forward to not working? To what extent am I defined by my profession? Do I still have things to achieve professionally or have I already been around the block? We can also think about the social aspects of work and the structure that work gives us. We can ask: Am I ready to live without my social network and outside of a structured work environment?

3. How do I feel about retirement?

   What are the advantages and disadvantages of a life without work? At the beginning of any new situation, there is a honeymoon period. But then routine sets in. After spending three to six months playing golf and travelling, think about what you are going to do during the next 15 or 20 years? In addition, am I feeling anxious about retiring or am I looking forward to it? If we have several projects lined up, it is obvious that this period will be more attractive. However, we should avoid feeling pressured by others.

4. Have I looked at the state of my health and my energy level?

   Does my work create too much stress and health problems? Am I able to produce at the required level? Am I always tired, burned out by the time I arrive home? Do I have health problems? Can I pursue my career given my current state of health and energy level? We shouldn't wait until we are sick to stop working. We should do it as a preventative measure, so we can enjoy our retirement. We can also ask ourselves how we feel on weekends and when we are on vacation. If we are anxious to return to work, it's because our interest in it is still strong.

Êtes-vous prêt à prendre votre retraite ?

8 questions à se poser...

La manière d'envisager et de vivre la retraite sera différente pour chacun d'entre nous, selon nos expériences, nos acquis et notre manière de vivre. Cette période de vie peut être l'occasion de se redéfinir et de prendre un nouveau départ. Le Dr Yaniv M. Benzimra propose ici huit questions à se poser pour savoir si on est psychologiquement prêt à effectuer cette transition importante.

La retraite ouvre un nouveau chapitre de vie et donne l'occasion de faire ce qu'on avait mis de côté. Les retraités ont en moyenne 33 % plus de temps libre. Qu'allez-vous faire de votre temps ?

Êtes-vous prête à prendre votre retraite ? - Article Le Lundi

Comment faire face à une perte d'emploi

L'ABC de la dépression clinique

Les statistiques récentes suggèrent qu'environ 11 pour cent des Canadiens et 16 pour cent des Canadiennes souffriront d'une forme de dépression clinique au cours de leur vie. Si l'on regarde précisément la population active canadienne, on estime que jusqu'à 20 pour cent des travailleurs souffriront de dépression dans une année donnée.

La dépression clinique est devenue un problème médical répandu en Amérique du Nord et autour du monde. Les femmes, les personnes ayant des antécédents familiaux de dépression ainsi que les personnes souffrant de maladies chroniques sont plus à risque de souffrir de cette maladie.

Dans sa plus simple définition, la dépression est une maladie qui se caractérise par un sentiment de tristesse persistant et une perte d'intérêt au niveau des activités. La dépression a divers déterminants bio-psycho-sociaux qui entraînent des problèmes physiques, émotionnels, cognitifs et comportementaux.

Plus communément appelée dépression majeure ou clinique, la maladie affecte comment les personnes se sentent, pensent et se comportent. La dépression peut causer différents problèmes émotionnels et physiques qui nuisent de façon significative à la capacité d'une personne de fonctionner au quotidien. Certaines personnes peuvent ressentir une extrême fatigue, avoir des problèmes de concentration et de mémoire, et avoir de la difficulté à effectuer même les plus simples activités au jour le jour. Au fur que la dépression persiste et que le sentiment de tristesse demeure et même augmente, les personnes touchées peuvent commencer à perdre de l'intérêt pour la vie elle-même et certaines vont même contempler le suicide. D'autres symptômes typiques de la dépression comprennent les problèmes de concentration et de mémoire, une fatigue extrême, l'insomnie, une fluctuation importante au niveau du poids, divers maux inexpliqués et des sentiments de désespoir et de dévalorisation.

Chez plusieurs personnes, la dépression majeure est souvent un problème chronique de longue date qui nécessite un traitement à long terme, tout comme le diabète. Donc, dans la plupart des cas, les personnes souffrant de dépression clinique sont « incapables de simplement s'en sortir par elles-mêmes », sans chercher à obtenir de l'aide professionnelle.

Même de nos jours, alors que le public est davantage sensibilisé aux troubles de santé mentale tels que la dépression, plusieurs personnes ignorent souvent qu'elles souffrent de dépression clinique. Elles le découvrent généralement lorsqu'elles consultent leur médecin de famille, souvent parce qu'elles souffrent de symptômes physiques comme le manque d'énergie, l'insomnie ou divers maux et douleurs inexpliqués. D'autres peuvent soupçonner qu'elles souffrent de dépression, mais elles sous-estiment souvent leur état et peuvent considérer qu'il ne nécessite pas de traitement ou qu'il ne s'agit que d'une partie «non traitable» de leur personnalité. Plusieurs ne comprennent pas vraiment leur état, ni les efforts et les actions nécessaires pour traiter les symptômes et les causes. Plusieurs autres ignorent également encore à quel point la dépression est commune. Elles se préoccupent souvent de ce que les autres vont penser et, par conséquent, choisissent de souffrir en silence plutôt que de demander de l'aide. En réalité, selon certains sondages, moins de 25 pour cent des personnes souffrant de dépression demanderont l'aide de professionnels.

Divers choix de traitement de la dépression sont disponibles et se sont avérés efficace. On considère que les médicaments et la psychothérapie sont les plus efficaces dans la plupart des cas.

The ABCs of Clinical Depression

Recent statistics suggest that about 11 per cent of Canadian men and 16 per cent of Canadian women will experience some form of clinical depression during their lifetime. Looking specifically at the Canadian workforce, it is estimated that as much as 20 per cent of workers will experience depression in any given year.

Clinical depression has become a widespread medical condition in North America and around the world. Women, people with a family history of depression and those suffering from chronic illnesses are most at risk of developing this disorder.

Simply defined, depression is an illness that is characterised by a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in activities. Depression has a variety of bio-psycho-social determinants that lead to physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural problems.

Most commonly called major or clinical depression, it affects how people feel, think and behave. Depression can cause different emotional and physical problems that impair significantly an individual's ability to function daily. Some may experience extreme fatigue, concentration and memory problems, and have trouble doing even the simplest day-to-day activities. As depression persists and the experienced sadness remains and even increases; those affected may start to lose interest in living all together, with some even contemplating suicide. Other typical symptoms of depression include memory and concentration problems, extreme fatigue, insomnia, significant weight gain or loss, different unexplained aches, and feelings of despair and worthlessness.

In many individuals, major depression is often a long-standing chronic condition that requires long-term treatment, just like diabetes. So, in most cases, individuals suffering from clinical depression are unable to simply "snap out" of it without seeking professional help.

Even nowadays, with increased public knowledge of mental health disorders such as depression, many individuals are often unaware that they are clinically depressed. They generally discover it by consulting their family doctor, often because they are suffering from physical symptoms such as lack of energy, insomnia or different unexplained physical aches and pains. Others may suspect that they are depressed but often underestimate their condition and may see it as not requiring treatment or as just an "untreatable" part of their personality. Many do not really understand their condition nor the effort or actions needed to treat its symptoms and causes. And many more remain unaware of how common depression really is. They often worry what others will think of them and consequently chose to suffer silently rather than seek help. In fact, some surveys suggest that less than 25 per cent of those suffering from depression will seek professional help.

Different depression treatment options are available and have proven to be effective. Medications and psychotherapy are considered the most effective for the majority.

Retirement: Achieving Financial, Physical and Psychological Well-being

A recent Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) White Paper entitled "Achieving Well-being in Retirement: Recommendations from 20 Years' Research" by Mo Wang (University of Florida) and Beryl Hesketh (University of Western Sydney/Macquarie University) recommends the following for those contemplating retirement:

"...maintaining good health, actively engaging in financial planning for retirement, having realistic estimates of longevity, being clear on one's financial goals in retirement, and participating in paid employment after retirement are all realistic ways of achieving fiscal well being."

The authors also conclude that it is important for individuals to take the initiative to improve both their knowledge and understanding of financial matters, and of work-related skills and knowledge.

In terms of achieving physical well-being in retirement, the authors note that "having good health behaviours and habits in retirement is critical for their physical well-being." They recommend that individuals engage in certain daily levels of physical and/or cognitive activities. The latter could include leisure activities such as dancing, playing board games, reading, doing crossword puzzles and playing an instrument. All stimulate learning in the brain and may reduce the risk of dementia.